Дослідницько-проектна робота
на тему:
«Королева Єлизавета ІІ та
Королівські
Традиції. Форми Звертання до
Титулованих Осіб.»
“Queen Elizabeth II and Royal Traditions.
The Forms of Addressing People with Titles.”
Contents
I. Introduction
II. Queen Elizabeth II
II. Queen Elizabeth II
The Queen’s Family
The Queen’s Interests
The
Queen’s Working Day
III. Royal Traditions
IV. Titles and Honours
4.1. How to Address Someone with a Title
4.2. The British National Anthem
V. Summary
VI. References
VII. Appendix
I.
Introduction
At the head of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland is the King, or, as at present, the Queen. But her
power is very symbolic. Everything is done in Queen's name. But her power is
not absolute; it is limited in many various ways.
It is said that the Queen (King) reigns but does
not rule. She personally does not decide what action the state shall take.
The ruling of the country is carried out by government departments which
are directed by Secretaries of State ' or Ministers. As head of the state the
Queen is often the centre of colourful pomp and ceremony. Every year sitting
in a gilded state coach, with attendants in special uniforms and an escort, she
drives through cheering crowds from Buckingham
Palace
II. Queen Elizabeth II
The Queen is Head of State of the UK
When King George VI died, his daughter was only
25, the people wondered if this small woman was strong enough to be the Queen
of Great Britain.
Queen: “ I shall always work, as my father did
throughout his reign to uphold the constitutional government and to advance
the happiness and prosperity of my people, spread as they are all over the
world.”
After the coronation people of the Commonwealth understood that this
young woman was strong enough to save the people of Great Britain
2.1. The
Queen’s Family
Nowadays the British royal family is headed by
Queen Elizabeth II. When the Queen was born on 21 April 1926, her grandfather,
King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her
grandfather and the abdication of her uncle brought her father to the throne as
George VI. She began to take part in public life, making her first broadcast at
the age of 14. The marriage of the young Princess Elizabeth to Philip, Duke
of Edinburgh, took place in November 1947. She was crowned in Westminster Abbey
in June 1953. The Queen's husband, Duke of Edinburgh, was born in 1926 and
served in the Royal Navy.
The Queen's heir is Charles, Prince of Wales, who
was born in 1948, was married to Lady Diana Spencer and has two children,
Prince William and Prince Harry. The Queen's other children are Princess Anne
(born in. 1950), Prince Andrew (born in 1960) and Prince Edward (born in 1964).
Anne, Princess Royal, has acquired a reputation for being arrogant, but in
recent years has become quite popular with the general public.
Prince Andrew, Duke of York, served as a helicopter pilot in the Royal
Navy. In 1986, he married Miss Sarah Ferguson and has two daughters. Prince
Edward is keen on theatre. This interest began while he was at university. He
quit the Royal Marines, and now is pursuing a career with a theatrical company.
2.2.
The Queen’s Interests
An animal lover since childhood, The Queen takes
a keen and highly knowledgeable interest in horses.
She attends the Derby
at Epsom, one of the classic flat races in Britain ,
and the Summer Race Meeting at Ascot , which
has been a Royal occasion since 1911.
As an owner and breeder of thoroughbreds, she
often visits other race meetings to watch her horses run, and also frequently
attends equestrian events.
The Queens
horses won races at Royal Ascot on a number of occasions. There was a notable
double on 18 June 1954 when Landau won the Rous Memorial Stakes and a stallion
called Aureole won the Hardwicke Stakes, and in 1957 The Queen had four winners
during Ascot week.
In 1984, 1986 and 1991 Her Majesty made brief
private visits to the United States
to see stallion stations and stud farms in Kentucky
Other interests include walking in the
countryside and working her Labradors, which were bred at Sandringham .
A lesser known interest is Scottish country dancing. Each year during her stay
at Balmoral Castle
Ten things the Queen could do by using the royal prerogative:
1)Dismiss the
Government;
2)Declare
war;
3)Disband
the Army;
4)Sell
all the ships in the Navy;
5)Dismiss
the Civil Service;
6)Give
territory away to a foreign power;
7)Make
everyone a peer;
8)Declare a
State of Emergency
9)Pardon all
offenders;
10) Create
universities in every parish in the United Kingdom
Things the
Queen takes on journeys:
1)Her
feather pillows;
2)Her
hot water bottle;
3)Her
favourite China
4)Barley
sugar;
5)Cameras;
6)Her
monogrammed electric
kettle;
7)Her
toilet soap;
8)Jewellery
associated with the countries she is visiting;
9)Mourning
clothes and black-edged writing paper in case of bereavements.
The Queen's
particular likes:
1)Horse racing
('Were it not for my Archbishop of Canterbury, I should be off in my plane to
Longchamps every Sunday');
2)Scottish
country dancing;
3)Jigsaw
puzzles;
4)Long-stemmed,
deep-pink carnations;
5)Champagne
6)Deerstalking;
7)Quiet
evenings at home watching television with her supper on a tray;
8)Crossword
puzzles;
9)Bright red
dresses;
10)The
Beatles film "Yellow Submarine";
11)Sandringham .
Dislikes of
the Queen:
1)Ivy;
2)Snails
("How can you like those beastly things?" she asked Prince Philip);
3)Tennis,
including Wimbledon ;
4)Milk
pudding;
5)The
cold;
6)Grouse;
7)Any
talk of Edward VIII;
8)Charles
Dickens;
9)Dictating
letters;
10)Laying
foundation stones;
11)Cigar
smoke;
12)Sailing;
2.3.
The Queen’s Working Day
When the Queen is in residence at Buckingham Palace 9.30 a .m.
Her Majesty is at her desk ready to start the day's routine.
A digest of the day's newspapers will have been
prepared by the Press Secretary with items of particular interest marked or
cut out. When Parliament is sitting, a report on the previous day's proceedings
will have been delivered by the Vice-Chamberlain of the Household.
One of her Majesty's three private secretaries will then arrive with the
morning post. Letters from children are usually passed to one of the ladies-in-waiting
for a reply, and certain official correspondence may be sent on to the
appropriate government department for action. But there are always plenty that
require her own attention. Another frequent duty of the Queen is the sending of
around 2,000 centenary telemessages each year to people who reach their
hundredth birthday. This custom is not very old, but it's for very old
people. On his or her one hundredth birthday, a British person gets a telegram
from the Queen.
The Queen has many different duties to perform
every day.
Some are public duties, such as ceremonies,
receptions and visits within the United Kingdom
Other duties are carried out away from the
cameras, but they are no less important. These include reading letters from the
public, official papers and briefing notes; audiences with political ministers
or ambassadors; and meetings with her Private Secretaries to discuss daily business
and her future diary plans.
Even when she is away from London ,
in residence at Balmoral or Sandringham , she
receives official papers nearly every day of every year and remains fully
briefed on matters affecting her realms.
In front of the camera or away from it, The Queen's duties go on, and no
two days in her life are ever the same.
III. Royal Traditions
Trooping the Colour
The Queen is the only person in Britain Queens
official birthday, there is a traditional ceremony called the Trooping of the
Colour. It's a big parade with brass bands and hundreds of soldiers at Horse
Guards' Parade in London
This is a ceremony which originated when it was
essential for soldiers to recognise the flag or 'Colour' of their regiment so
that they could follow it into battle. Each year one of the five regiments of
the foot guards (Grenadiers, Coldstream Guards, Scots, Irish and Welsh Guards)
take turns to display their Colour in the ceremony.
The ceremony begins with the Queen leaving Buckingham Palace
The Colour is trooped by being carried along the
ranks of guardsmen, and the Colour party then leads the guards on a march past
the Queen, accompanied by the massed bands of the foot guards.
No particular annual ceremony is held on the Queen's true birthday,
although the Union Flag is flown on public buildings and the national anthem is
sung.
The Guards are trooping the colour. Thousands of Londoners and visitors
watch in Horse Guards' Parade. And millions of people at home watch it on
television.
The
Changing of the Guard
This happens every day at Buckingham
Palace , the Queen's home in London
Maundy
Money
Maundy Thursday is the day before Good Friday, at Easter. On that day
the Queen gives Maundy money to a group of old people. This tradition is over
1,000 years old. At one time the king or queen washed the feet of poor, old
people on Maundy Thursday. That stopped in 1754.
Swan
Upping
Here's a very different royal tradition. On the River Thames there are
hundreds of swans. A lot of these beautiful white birds belong, traditionally,
to the king or queen. In July the young swans on the Thames
are about two months old. Then the Queen's swan keeper goes, in a boat, from London Bridge
to Henley . He looks at all the young swans and
marks the royal ones. The name of this strange but interesting custom is Swan
Upping.
The
State Opening of Parliament
Parliament, not the Royal Family, controls modern Britain Buckingham Palace
The
Order of the Garter Ceremony.
The Order of the Garter ceremony has a long
history. King Edward III started the Order in the fourteenth century. At that
time, the people in the Order were the twenty-four bravest knights in England Luxembourg
In June the Order has a traditional ceremony at Windsor Castle St George's
Chapel, the royal church at Windsor Britain
The
Queen’s Christmas Speech
Now here's a modern royal custom. On Christmas
Day at 3.00 in
the afternoon, the Queen makes a speech on radio and TV. It's ten minutes long.
In it she talks to the people of the United Kingdom British Empire . Australia ,
India , Canada and New Zealand
The B.B.C. (the British Broadcasting Corporation)
sends the Queen's speech to every Commonwealth country. In her speech the Queen
talks about the past year. Traditionally in speeches, kings or queens say
"we", not "I". Queen Elizabeth II doesn't do this. She says
"My husband and I", or just "I".
The Queen doesn't make her speech on Christmas Day. She films it a few
weeks before. Then she spends Christmas with her family at Windsor
IV. Titles and Honours
Most honours are announced
in one of the two annual sets of honours lists - one at New Year and the other
in June, on the Queen's official birthday. The Queen chooses the recipients of
honours on the advice of the Prime Minister and other relevant ministers, to
whom recommendations are made by their departments or members of the public. The
various honours include:
Life Peers: These titles are not hereditary and are the only form of peerage
regularly created by the Queen nowadays.
Baronetcies: A baronetcy is a heritable honour - a title that is passed on to male
heirs.
Knighthoods: Knights may be either Knights Bachelor, or members of one of the Orders
of Chivalry. The honour of knighthood derives from the usages or medieval
chivalry, as does the method normally used to confer the knighthood: the accolade,
or touch of a sword by the Sovereign.
The Most Excellent Order of the British
Empire : this awards is given mainly
to civilians and service personnel for public service and other distinctions.
The OBE (Order of the British Empire) and MBE (Member of the British
Empire ) are the two orders most commonly awarded to men and women
for services to their country.
4.1. How to Address Someone with a Title
The monarch is the head,
being regarded as the “fount of honour”, through which all other honours are
bestowed. The Queen is addressed as "Your Majesty" and subsequently
"Ma'am"
A Royal Prince is addressed
as "Your Royal Highness" and subsequently "Sir".
A Royal Princess is
addressed as "Your Royal Highness" and subsequently
"Ma'am"
A Knight is addressed as
"Sir" and the wife of a Knight as "Lady".
An Archbishop is addressed
as "Your Grace" and a Bishop is addressed as "My Lord".
An Ambassador is addressed as "Your
Excellency". In writing they should be addressed as "Dear Ambassador"
or "Dear High Commissioner" if a representative of a Commonwealth
country, or very formally as "Your Excellency".
Right Honourable (Rt Hon)
is the form of address used for people holding the following titles or
offices: an earl or countess, a viscount, a baron, a Lord Mayor (the title
given to the Mayor of London and other large cities) and a Privy Councillor.
All Cabinet ministers are members of the Privy Council, the private council of
the Sovereign. The full title appears in the form 'The Right Honourable the
Earl of Derby
4.2.
The British National Anthem
The words of the national anthem of Great Britain
GOD SAVE THE QUEEN
God save our gracious Queen,
Long live our noble Queen,
God save the Queen!
Send her victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us;
God save the Queen!
Oh Lord our God arise,
Scatter her enemies
And make them fall;
Confound their politics,
Frustrate their knavish
tricks,
On Thee our hopes we fix,
Oh, save us all!
Thy choicest gifts in store
On her be pleased to pour;
Long may she reign;
May she defend our laws,
And ever give us cause
To sing with heart and
voice,
God save the Queen!
Not in this land alone,
But be God's mercies known
From shore to shore!
Lord make the nations see
That men should brothers
be,
And form one family,
The wide world over!
From every latent foe,
From the assassin's blow,
God save the Queert!
O'er her thine arm extend,
For Britain
Our mother, prince, and friend,
God save the Queen!
I
tried to do my own translation of some lines from the British national anthem.
They are:
Боже, бережи нашу милосердну
королеву!
Пошли довгого життя нашій
великодушній королеві!
Боже, бережи королеву!
Пошли їй перемоги,
Щастя та славу,
Довге царювання над нами,
Боже, бережи королеву!
V. Summary
The British monarchy is an enormously popular institution. This is
largely due to the fact that it does not actually govern. Government is the
task of ministers, who are responsible to the House of Commons, which is
elected by the people. Although the Sovereign has very wide theoretical powers,
they are seldom, if ever, used. The Queen is really a figurehead representing
the country, but she has the power to prevent any politician establishing a dictatorship.
The Queen and her family are a symbol that people can identify with. The British
public is obsessed with the details of royal family life, and when people feel
that the Queen has problems with her children, or her sister, they see her as a
'real person' with the same worries and anxieties as themselves.
The Queen meets thousands of people each year in
the UK
However, many people wish to observe the
traditional forms of greeting.
For men this is a neck bow (from the head only)
whilst women do a small curtsy. Other people prefer simply to shake hands in
the usual way.
On presentation to The Queen, the correct formal
address is 'Your Majesty' and subsequently 'Ma'am'.
How to contact The Queen
You can write to Her Majesty at the following
address:
Her Majesty
The Queen
Buckingham Palace
VI. References
1.
Linder E.R., Maslova L.K., Tsyba R.I.
It is Interesting to Know. Київ “Радянська школа”,
1980.
2.
Drohomoretska I.
3.
Shuliak V. The Royal Places. Газета “English” / Шкільний світ. -2005, #23-24.
4.
Trooping the Colour. Журнал
“Posnayko” #4, 2005.
5.
Her Majesty The Queen. English
Learner’s Digest
/ Київська обласна організація “Знання”. – 2009,
#4.
6.
Monarchy: questions and answers.
English Learner’s Digest / Київська обласна організація “Знання”.
– 2003, #8.
7.
Royal Facts. English Learner’s Digest / Київська обласна організація
“Знання”.
– 2001, #6.
8.
Royal Traditions. English Learner’s Digest / Київська обласна
організація “Знання”. – 2001, #24.
9.
The Queen and Parliament. English
Learner’s Digest / Київська обласна організація ‘Знання”.
– 2007, #7.
10.
The Internet Resources.
10.4. www.livestory.com.ua/
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